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#增加用户
#格式:grant 权限 on 数据库.* to 用户名@登录主机 identified by '密码'/*如,增加一个用户user1密码为password1,让其可以在本机上登录, 并对所有数据库有查询、插入、修改、删除的权限。首先用以root用户连入mysql,然后键入以下命令: grant select,insert,update,delete on *.* to user1@localhost Identified by "password1"; 如果希望该用户能够在任何机器上登陆mysql,则将localhost改为"%"。 如果你不想user1有密码,可以再打一个命令将密码去掉。 grant select,insert,update,delete on mydb.* to user1@localhost identified by ""; */grant all privileges on wpj1105.* to sunxiao@localhost identified by '123'; #all privileges 所有权限
show grants for user1@'localhost'; #查看用户具有哪些权限。
revoke select on ucyzw.* from user1@'localhost'; #取消用户授权。
#----------------------------
#-----MySql数据库操作基础-----#显示数据库
show databases;#判断是否存在数据库wpj1105,有的话先删除
drop database if exists wpj1105;#创建数据库
create database wpj1105;#删除数据库
drop database wpj1105;#使用该数据库
use wpj1105;#显示数据库中的表
show tables;#先判断表是否存在,存在先删除
drop table if exists student;#创建表
create table student(id int auto_increment primary key,name varchar(50),sex varchar(20),date varchar(50),content varchar(100))default charset=utf8;查看表结构:
desc:
#删除表
drop table student;#查看表的结构
describe student; #可以简写为desc student;查看索引:
show indexes from student;
#插入数据
insert into student values(null,'aa','男','1988-10-2','......');insert into student values(null,'bb','女','1889-03-6','......');insert into student values(null,'cc','男','1889-08-8','......');insert into student values(null,'dd','女','1889-12-8','......');insert into student values(null,'ee','女','1889-09-6','......');insert into student values(null,'ff','null','1889-09-6','......');#查询表中的数据select * from student;select id,name from student;#修改某一条数据
update student set sex='男' where id=4;#补充update数据库多表查询的赋值(语句要掌握。有时候线上数据库要修复):
UPDATE Track,MV
SET Track.is_show=MV.is_show
WHERE Track.trkid=MV.mvid and trkid<6 #多表查询的时候注意也要找相等关系
#删除数据
delete from student where id=5;# and 且
select * from student where date>'1988-1-2' and date<'1988-12-1';# or 或
select * from student where date<'1988-11-2' or date>'1988-12-1'; #betweenselect * from student where date between '1988-1-2' and '1988-12-1';#in 查询制定集合内的数据
select * from student where id in (1,3,5);#排序 asc 升序 desc 降序
select * from student order by id asc;#分组查询 #聚合函数
select max(id),name,sex from student group by sex;select min(date) from student;
select avg(id) as '求平均' from student;
select count(*) from student; #统计表中总数
select count(sex) from student; #统计表中性别总数 若有一条数据中sex为空的话,就不予以统计~
select sum(id) from student;
#查询第i条以后到第j条的数据(不包括第i条)
select * from student limit 2,5; #显示3-5条数据#巩固练习
create table xiaoluo(id int auto_increment primary key,
name varchar(50) not null,
sex varchar(50) not null,
age int unsigned, #年龄不能为负值
sno int unique)default charset=utf8;
drop table xiaoluo;
desc xiaoluo;insert into xiaoluo (id,name,sex,age,sno) values (null,'涛哥','男',68,1);
insert into xiaoluo(id,name,sex,age,sno) values (null,'aa','男',68,2);insert into xiaoluo(id,name,sex,age,sno) values (null,'平平','男',35,3);...select * from xiaoluo;
#修改数据
update xiaoluo set age=66 where id=2;update xiaoluo set name='花花',age=21,sex='女' where id=2delete from xiaoluo where age=21;#常用查询语句
select name,age ,id from xiaoluoselect * from xiaoluo where age>40 and age<60; #andselect * from xiaoluo where age<40 or age<60; #orselect * from xiaoluo where age between 40 and 60 #betweenselect * from xiaoluo where age in (30,48,68,99); #in 查询指定集合内的数据select * from xiaoluo order by age desc; #order by (asc升序 des降序)#分组查询
select name,max(age) from xiaoluo group by sex; #按性别分组查年龄最大值#聚合函数select min(age) from xiaoluo;select avg(age) as '平均年龄 ' from xiaoluo;select count(*) from xiaoluo; #统计表中数据总数select sum(age) from xiaoluo;#修改表的名字
#格式:alter table tbl_name rename to new_namealter table xiaoluo rename to a; #表结构修改create table test(id int not null auto_increment primary key, #设定主键name varchar(20) not null default 'NoName', #设定默认值department_id int not null,position_id int not null,unique (department_id,position_id) #设定唯一值);#修改表的名字
#格式:alter table tbl_name rename to new_namealter table test rename to test_rename;#向表中增加一个字段(列)
#格式:alter table tablename add columnname type;/alter table tablename add(columnname type);alter table test add columnname varchar(20);#修改表中某个字段的名字
alter table tablename change columnname newcolumnname type; #修改一个表的字段名alter table test change name uname varchar(50);select * from test;
#表position 增加列test
alter table position add(test char(10));#表position 修改列testalter table position modify test char(20) not null;#表position 修改列test 默认值alter table position alter test set default 'system';#表position 去掉test 默认值alter table position alter test drop default;#表position 去掉列testalter table position drop column test;#表depart_pos 删除主键alter table depart_pos drop primary key;#表depart_pos 增加主键alter table depart_pos add primary key PK_depart_pos(department_id,position_id);#用文本方式将数据装入数据库表中(例如D:/mysql.txt)
load data local infile "D:/mysql.txt" into table MYTABLE;#导入.sql文件命令(例如D:/mysql.sql)
source d:/mysql.sql; #或者 mysql -uroot daname<mysql.sql二进制日志的用法:
备份二进制日志可以使用:
mysqlbinlog mysql-bin.xxx > xx.sql(起始点还原)
或者根据时间点:
mysqlbinlog --start-datetime="2014-12-13 17:00:00" --stop-datetime="2014-12-13 19:20:00" /home/mysql/data/mysql-bin.000008 >/home/test/uclog2.sql
当主从同步出现时间偏移报错可以根据上面步骤,找出出错点再同步:
MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.8',MASTER_USER='rsync',MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',MASTER_PORT=3306,MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000008',MASTER_LOG_POS=272267720(找出错的时间点cat uclog2.sql)
#
#mysqlbinlog
--start-position 起始位置
--stop-position 结束位置
--start-datetim 起始时间
--stop-datetim 结束时间
mysql被设置无密码登录(find / -name my.cnf):
第一:配置文件或者启动文件里面有:--skip-grant-tables 选项。
第二:或者在配置文件里面加入了密码:
[client]
root=xiaoluo
password=xsdasy892
mysql客户端程序使用:
mysqladmin -uroot -p -h192.168.10.1 ping #测试对方是否在线
mysqladmin processlist #查看用户并发线程
mysqladmin status #查看数据库状态,包括满查询
#shell 允许mysql语句的时候直接 mysql -e "xxx(mysql语句)" 就可以编写脚本。
事物:mysql有事务隔离级别,根据数据的一致性要求。可以对隔离级别优化,事物默认提交:
START TRANSACTION; #启动事物;
ROLLBACK ;#出错的时候事物回滚:已经提交了的事物是不能回滚的
COMMIT ; #事务提交
变量查看事务是否默认提交,1是默认提交,为了减少iO性能的消耗,建议关闭自动提交。
set autocomit=0
mysql> select @@autocommit;
+--------------+
| @@autocommit |
+--------------+
| 1 |
+--------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
锁机制和查看:
mysql> show status like 'Table%'
+----------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------------+-------+
| Table_locks_immediate | 1147 |
| Table_locks_waited | 0 |
| Table_open_cache_hits | 0 |
| Table_open_cache_misses | 0 |
| Table_open_cache_overflows | 0 |
+----------------------------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
如果Table_locks_waited值比较高,说明是已经有锁表。
二、通过show processlist查看,要是存在比较多的锁,临时的解决方案是直接把idkill掉。但是不是最终办法,要查找到是什么原因引起的锁。是否是硬件问题。或者是程序本身问题,还有就是那条语句满查询引起的锁。然后慢慢优化。可以加缓存。
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